AWS- Virtual Private Cloud

Components :

VPC:

• Definition: A virtual network that closely resembles a traditional network in your data center.
• Key Features: Define IP address ranges, subnets, route tables, and gateways.

Subnets:

• Definition: A range of IP addresses in your VPC.
• Types: Public subnets (accessible from the internet) and private subnets (not accessible from the internet).

Route Tables:

• Definition: Set of rules (routes) that determine where network traffic is directed.
• Usage: Each subnet must be associated with a route table.

Internet Gateway (IGW):

• Definition: A gateway that allows communication between instances in your VPC and the internet.
• Usage: Attach an IGW to your VPC to enable internet access.

Network Access Control Lists (NACLs):

• Definition: An optional layer of security for your VPC that acts as a firewall for controlling traffic in and out of one or more subnets.
• Usage: Stateless, meaning rules must be defined for both inbound and outbound traffic.

Security Groups:

• Definition: Virtual firewalls for your instances to control inbound and outbound traffic.
• Usage: Stateful, meaning changes to inbound rules are automatically applied to outbound rules.

Intermediate Components

NAT Gateway:

• Definition: Allows instances in a private subnet to connect to the internet or other AWS services, but prevents the internet from initiating a connection with those instances.
• Usage: Provides high availability and bandwidth.

VPC Peering:

• Definition: A networking connection between two VPCs that enables you to route traffic between them using private IP addresses.
• Usage: Can be established between your own VPCs or with a VPC in another AWS account.

Elastic IP Addresses:

• Definition: Static, public IP addresses that you can allocate to your instances.
• Usage: Useful for instances that need a consistent IP address.

Advanced Components

Transit Gateway:

• Definition: A network transit hub that you can use to interconnect your VPCs and on-premises networks.
• Usage: Simplifies network architecture and reduces the number of VPC peering connections.

VPC Endpoints:

• Definition: Enables private connections between your VPC and supported AWS services without requiring an internet gateway, NAT device, VPN connection, or AWS Direct Connect connection.
• Types: Interface endpoints and gateway endpoints.

Traffic Mirroring:

• Definition: Allows you to capture and inspect network traffic in your VPC.
• Usage: Useful for security and monitoring purposes.

VPC Flow Logs:

• Definition: Captures information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in your VPC.
• Usage: Useful for monitoring and troubleshooting network connectivity.

VPN Connections:

• Definition: Connect your VPC to your on-premises network using AWS Virtual Private Network (VPN).
• Usage: Provides secure connections over the internet.

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