Kubernetes Ingress- Project- “MarketHub: Microservices Marketplace”

Project Overview:

• MarketHub consists of three main microservices: Product Catalog, User Authentication, and Order Management.
• Each microservice is deployed as a separate backend service.
• MarketHub hosts multiple stores for different sellers, each with its own domain name.
• All communication between clients and the backend services is encrypted using TLS.
• Incoming traffic is evenly distributed across backend services to ensure high availability and reliability.

Here’s a high-level architecture of the project:

                    Internet
                       │
                       ▼
                 [ Ingress ]
          ┌───────┴───────┴───────┐
          │           │           │
   [ Catalog Service ] [ Auth Service ] [ Order Service ]

Implementation:

1. Define Project Requirements and Architecture:

Define the architecture, services (Product Catalog, User Authentication, Order Management), and the decision to use Kubernetes for container orchestration.

2. Setup Kubernetes Cluster:

Choose a cloud provider or set up a local Kubernetes cluster using Minikube.

Install Minikube (if not already installed):

brew install minikube

Start Minikube cluster:

minikube start

3. Develop Microservices:

• Develop microservices using your preferred programming language and framework (e.g., Node.js, Python, Java).
• Dockerize each microservice by creating a Dockerfile.
• Example Dockerfile for Product Catalog service:

FROM node:14

WORKDIR /usr/src/app

COPY package*.json ./

RUN npm install

COPY . .

EXPOSE 8080

CMD [ "npm", "start" ]

4. Deploy Microservices to Kubernetes:

Create Kubernetes Deployment resources for each microservice:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: product-catalog-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: product-catalog
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: product-catalog
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: product-catalog
        image: your-registry/product-catalog:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080  

Create Kubernetes Service resources to expose each microservice:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: product-catalog-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: product-catalog
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8080

5. Configure Ingress Resource:

Define the Ingress resource to route traffic:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: markethub-ingress
spec:
  rules:
  - host: store1.markethub.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /catalog
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: product-catalog-service
            port:
              number: 80
  - host: store2.markethub.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /catalog
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: product-catalog-service
            port:
              number: 80

Apply the Ingress resource:

kubectl apply -f ingress.yaml

6. Obtain TLS Certificates:

• Acquire TLS certificates for each domain using Let’s Encrypt or a similar service.
• Store the TLS certificates securely in Kubernetes Secrets:

kubectl create secret tls markethub-tls-secret --key=key.pem --cert=cert.pem

7. Deploy Ingress Controller:

Install NGINX Ingress Controller using Helm:

helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
helm install nginx-ingress ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx

8. Apply Kubernetes Manifests:

Apply Kubernetes manifests for Deployments, Services, and Ingress:

kubectl apply -f product-catalog-deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f product-catalog-service.yaml
kubectl apply -f ingress.yaml

9. Test and Monitor:

• Access the MarketHub platform using the configured domain names.
• Monitor the performance and reliability of the platform using Kubernetes monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana.

To access the “MarketHub: Microservices Marketplace” application deployed on Kubernetes, you’ll need to follow these steps:

1. Configure DNS:

• Ensure that the DNS records for the domain names (store1.markethub.com and store2.markethub.com) point to the external IP address of your Kubernetes cluster.
• You can do this by setting up DNS records with your domain registrar or DNS provider.

2. Obtain External IP Address:

Get the external IP address of your Kubernetes cluster. You can do this by running the following command:

kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx

• Look for the EXTERNAL-IP field of the service named nginx-ingress-controller. This IP address is where your Ingress controller is exposed.

3. Edit Hosts File (Optional):

• If you don’t have DNS configured or want to test locally, you can edit your local hosts file to map the domain names to the external IP address. On Unix-based systems (like Linux or macOS), you can edit the /etc/hosts file. Add the following lines:

<EXTERNAL_IP> store1.markethub.com
<EXTERNAL_IP> store2.markethub.com

Replace <EXTERNAL_IP> with the actual external IP address obtained from the previous step.

4. Access the Application:

• Open a web browser and navigate to store1.markethub.com/catalog or store2.markethub.com/catalog to access the Product Catalog for the respective stores.
• You should see the MarketHub application with the product listings, and you can interact with the services such as browsing products, authenticating users, and placing orders.

5. TLS Encryption:

• If TLS is enabled (which it should be for production environments), the connection to the application will be encrypted using HTTPS. Ensure that you’re accessing the application via https://store1.markethub.com/catalog or https://store2.markethub.com/catalog.

6. Testing and Troubleshooting:

• Perform thorough testing to ensure that all functionalities work as expected.
• If you encounter any issues, such as DNS resolution problems or errors in accessing the application, double-check your DNS settings, Ingress configurations, and networking setup.

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